Pros of internet essays

Experts of web papers I think about that web is appropriate, pleasant and outstanding hotspot for us to work in our lives today. To start with, the web helps us to gather information about anything we want to find out about. Furthermore, the web grants us to visit with our contacts and email the individuals around the globe. At long last, on web, we can shop on the web, visit online administrations and you can spare a lot of time with hardly any cash and gas. As my last point, these are scarcely any reasons that I imagine that the web is dependable at present. There is a gigantic amount of data reachable on the web for pretty much every subject known to being, like government law and administrations. Furthermore, there is significantly more data on showcase data, new thoughts and specialized backings alongside promoting or publicizing. The Internet has carried new chances to government, business, and training. Web is anything but difficult to utilize and permits us to make contacts thro My next design is that the Internet grants us to talk and send email to those we know. Through the Internet, we can talk and work on something imperative simultaneously. Email is presently a basic specialized apparatuses in business. It is additionally astounding for staying in contact with loved ones. The points of interest to email is that it is complimentary (no charge per use) when contrasted with phone, fax and postal administrations. It is an extraordinary procedure to get together with individuals of comparable intrigue and talk about basic issues. A few people have web cameras that permit them to watch others and others to watch you with the exception of in some cases individuals simply waste more than $30.00 for getting the photos taken, after that getting them in those days mailing it to someone. Clearly, the Internet is an incredible spot for shops and diversion for individuals. Web shopping is one of the present most famous exercises for customer individuals. Shopping on the Internet can cause individuals to unwind and take as much time as necessary to consider the item that they ... <!

Youth Justice in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Youth Justice in the UK - Essay Example The exposition Youth Justice in the UK examines the accompanying issue - the pledge to viable practice, in itself exceptionally alluring, has every now and again been joined by a ridiculous assurance about 'what works' permitting little space for banter. There are different variables that contribute towards clarifying this statement.Every individual is exceptional and structures their own suspicions dependent on their observations. A significant number of the adolescent are not clear about existence and its results, for the fundamental explanation of being youthful, and their impression of life is very not the same as a developed grown-up. Wrong recognitions snowball into different clashes and logical inconsistencies which effectively drives them towards wrongdoing. As indicated by Laurie Mullins, â€Å"Perception is the base of all hierarchical conduct; any circumstance can be investigated regarding its perceptual connotations†.Another significant reason for driving the adole scent off track is liquor and medication misuse. The young are not in a situation to comprehend the risks behind this and are gradually sucked into a sort of trap that the find hard to come out of. As they go further, they remain determined to fulfill this need. They take part in burglary, insignificant burglaries to start with yet later on move into a lot greater wrongdoings, for example, blackmail and murder. The present day ‘binge drinking culture’ has brought forth a speeding up of wrongdoing. While the vast majority in the UK, drink inside wellbeing limits, yet sadly the adolescent are not all that genuine about this.

Immigration Law for Migration Act 1958 - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about theImmigration Law for Migration Act 1958. Answer: Segment 46 of the Migration Act 1958 states that a visa application is just legitimate in the event that it is comparable to a visa of a class gave in the application, all prerequisites and measures gave by the area are fulfilled, all charges which must be paid corresponding to that specific class of visa application have been paid, any expenses which is recommended by the guidelines according to the visa have been paid, no arrangement of the demonstration forestalls the use of the visa alongside some other Commonwealth law and a couple of arrangements of this Act[1]. These area are in particular Section 48 where the visa have been cannot or dropped before, Section 48A security visa has been dropped or declined before, Section 161 non-residents holding criminal equity visa, Section 164D non-residents holding authorization visa, Section 195 application being made out of time, Section 501E where the visa had been won't or dropped on the grounds of character. Also segment 46AA use of aw ard of visa corresponding to act based visas, 46A application made by unapproved Maritime arrivals[2], S 46B application made by short lived arrivals[3], Section 91E or 91G Safe Third nations and CPA[4], segment 91k identified with brief place of refuge visa and area 91P non-residents approaching insurance by third countries[5]. The visa application is further invalid as for subsection 2 if the individual creation the application is in the movement zone, the condition forced on the individual under area 41(2)A have not been postponed by the Minister, the application is exposed to a condition which gives that the visa can't be allowed. According to sub segment 2A application for visa can be supposed to be legitimate in the event that it is identified with an application regarding a recommended class with the end goal of the subsection and as for the guideline the application has been taken to be made truly. Further standards might be recommended by the guidelines according to a parti cular class of visa to be legitimate. This can be corresponding to where the application is made, how it is made and at what time it has been made. The Migration Regulations 1994 states through guideline 2.07 that all charges should be paid according to the visa application[6]. The application must be made in the spot endorsed by the guidelines and in the mode which has been recommended. The application likewise must be made through the specific structures for the particular kinds of visa applications. Candidates of a contributory parent visa either impermanent or perpetual are not permitted to cause an application for such visa on the off chance that they to have been banned from doing as such. A candidate may be banished from applying for such visa on the off chance that they have been forced with a No further Stay condition through condition 8503 on the visa by and by held by them. Likewise an individual not holding a meaningful visa and have been not conceded a visa as their application has been rejected since they last entered Australia are additionally not qualified of making a visa application for contributory parent visa. In this manner in the specific conditions an individual whose application for accomplice visa has been can't and are not holding any considerable visa are not qualified to apply for contributory parent visa[7]. Segment 35A and 36 of the MA, sets out Provisions corresponding to the award of Protection Visa. According to area 36 of the MA an individual to be conceded with an assurance visa must be a hazard to the nation according to section4 of theAustralian Security Intelligence Organization Act 1979 or has is risk to the security of the nation or has been indicted for a genuine offense. The enactment further give that visa is given to non-residents on the off chance that in the event that it isn't given, at that point the candidate may endure genuine damage however the nation has no commitment to give such visa. The visa is additionally accessible when condition 8503 is imposed[8]. For this situation along these lines an application for security visa can be made regardless of whether the individual isn't an evacuee and has not carried out generous violations. Nonetheless, giving such visa would be in the prudence of the clergyman. Condition 8503 can't be postponed at the time the visa is applied for. The condition is identified with no further stay which implies when the visa terminates the holder needs to leave Australia. Anyway there are constrained conditions in which visa condition can be deferred by the priest. Right off the bat from the time the visa had been allowed to the individual convincing and repay circumstance have emerged over which the individual had no control and which have brought about critical changes to the circumstance of the individual. On the off chance that the pastor had would not postpone the condition already and the priest is content that the circumstance which have been examined above are essentially unique which had been considered in the past appraisal then additionally the condition can be deferred by the clergyman. The solicitation must be made recorded as a hard copy to the clergyman for the waiver of such conditions. The office which considers the application to the wavier must be fulfilled that the created conditions since the visa had been conceded were convincing as well as humane. The individual didn't have any control at all corresponding to such recently created conditions. The conditions have brought about a significant change in the individual circumstance of the visa holder. The visa condition can't be postponed consequently. Each solicitation which is made for the waiver is surveyed corresponding to the specific conditions in connection the legitimate necessities. Anyway marriage or pregnancy or disappointment complete a course can't be considered as conditions which are outside the ability to control of the candidate and along these lines under such conditions visa condition 8503 would not be postponed by the pastor. The choice of the pastor to postpone the condition or not can't be explored under the authoritative tribunals[9]. The implicit rules for enlisted movement specialists in Australia is set out under booked 2, guideline 8 of the Migration Regulations 1998[10]. As gave by area 2.8 of the code the relocation operator who has consented to speak to the customer must furnish such affirmation to the customer as for his directions in a composed form[11]. As indicated by Section 2.7 and 2.6 of the code the relocation specialist must give a practical exhortation connection to the achievement of the application recorded as a hard copy to the customer inside a sensible time[12]. Area 2.10 of the code unmistakably expresses that an operator must not take part in any deceptive or bogus promotion incorporating commercial with ensure accomplishment to the applicants[13]. As indicated by court 2.11 a relocation operator should constantly join movement specialist enlistment number while making an advertisement[14]. As per segment 2.20 of the code it is the obligation of relocation operators to give the customer com posed exhortation as for the expense of each charge and charge engaged with the visa application[15]. As indicated by Section 3.2A of the court it is the obligation of movement operators to give the customers upon consent to work from them a duplicate of the purchaser right and making a record that such duplicate has been provided[16]. It is likewise the obligation of relocation operators under segment 5.2 of the code to give the customers pretty much this vestments and charges to be accused by him along of the evaluated time for such administrations to be performed[17]. As indicated by Section 313 of the Migration Act and segment 5.5 of the code it is the obligation of each movement specialist to give the customer the announcement of administrations. The announcement of administrations needs to contain points of interest about the administrations to be performed and the charges which would be acquired corresponding to the service[18]. At the point when expenses has been charged fro m the customer a customers account must be opened by the movement specialist as indicated by Section 7.1 of the code[19]. This record is not quite the same as the working record of the operator the sum. The sum which is saved into such record must be held by the operator until it is required for the fruition of the means towards application or all the means corresponding to the application and the administrations to be given to the customer have been finished. In the gave conditions Arthur has stranded the set of accepted rules by expressing in his promotion that all applications would be effective. Furthermore no enlistment number was given in his notice. Arthur didn't give Janice any announcement of administrations other than a receipt in the wake of charging $5000. There was no customers account opened by Arthur to store this cash. To force this code the movement specialist enlistment authority give a few authorizes yet the assents or not criminal in nature. The approvals can reach out from here alert all suspension of the movement operator for a period or for all time. In the given conditions Arthur can be forced with a suspension by the relocation operator enrollment authority.[20] Reference index Relocation Act 1958 (Cth) Relocation Regulation 1994 (Cth) Relocation Regulations 1998 (Cth)

Social Context Assessment and Case Formulation Solution

Question: Depict the customer's family and social setting. Evaluation and case Formulation including psychosocial needs (upheld by references). Portray the substance misuse model-Abstinence and basis. Layout of directing and treatment process - private detox then private recovery with accomplice. Customer results difficulties and supports, for example, social projects, strict association minister support for training, brandishing associations, recreational PCYC........ Recognize moral issues prone to emerge. Answer: As Ruby is by all accounts ignored by her folks and feels that they lack the capacity to deal with her, it appears this is the primary driver of her liquor dependence. Thus, the subjective conduct model will be associated with the treatment of Ruby, as this technique is centered around causing people to discover that how their own sentiments, musings, and practices, similar to liquor drinking, for this situation, are associated and different strategies to break this sort of associations. The treatment plan will incorporate helping the customer break down and perceive her condition, just as, examination of the strategies for reacting to the different prompts to use liquor, just as, to grow new ways and techniques for reaction to these various signs. Further, this treatment plan will include the psychological treatment and will endeavor in diminishing unreasonable and fast enthusiastic responses, just as, the reckless mentality of the customer by adjusting her defective speculation, ju st as, maladaptive convictions which are liable for these sort of responses (Kumpfer, 2002). Besides, this treatment plan will include techniques that will concentrate on the different conduct angles and methods of adapting as opposed to suspecting or fleeing from the circumstance. Henceforth, it will include the interest of the customer in backslide avoidance programs and other preparing programs for the advancement of the psychological, social, just as, forbearance aptitudes. This treatment technique will incorporate 12-16 meetings, normally for over 12 weeks and will concentrate on creating relational aptitudes, just as, methodologies to assist customer with growing her social help associations and other adapting abilities. The physical and mental viewpoints that may happen for this situation are changes in the conduct of the customer as she is approached to cease herself from the liquor use. It might prompt the forceful or furious conduct. Also, the trouble looked by the custome r during the beginning periods of the arrangement to cease herself from the liquor can prompt the occasion of backslide. Consequently, appropriate checking and interest in the backslide avoidance occasions and different other supporting projects are energetically suggested (Worley, Tate, McQuaid, Granholm, Brown, 2013). As Sammy is profoundly dependent on liquor with the propensity for drinking liquor when he awakens and because of the weakening of his wellbeing status brought about by liquor drinking, the utilization of restraint model or 12-advance model will be utilized in the treatment of Sammy. As this strategy includes the multi-disciplinary and is forbearance situated, henceforth, it will help Sammy to quit expending liquor and decline himself from drinking. Right off the bat, this treatment plan will include the instructing and teach the customer about the utilization of liquor as a significant issue and its degree. Besides, this strategy will include the inspirational meeting process while directing with the customer for a superior comprehension of his liquor dependence and settling the issue (Winters, Stinchfield, Latimer, Lee, 2007). Thirdly, this strategy will include diverse individual and gathering treatments, the cooperation of the technique with other supporting groups like PCYC and strict associations for physical and recreational exercises, just as, will include inpatient detoxification, different recovery administrations, just as, other outpatient administrations. This technique will likewise include the otherworldly direction and will incorporate other suggestive medicines for the upliftment of the customers wellbeing status. This arrangement will be followed for in any event 28 days with cooperation in the twelve stage projects and gatherings (Lammertink, Lhrer, Kaiser, Hambrecht, Pukrop, 2008). Besides, it will likewise incorporate aftercare plan for supporting progressing recuperation of the customer after the fruition of the treatment plan as it is the deep rooted process. The physical and mental difficulties that may happen for this situation is the event of the genuine manifestations that may happen when there is no liquor utilization out of nowhere. Consequently, it requires close clinical checking of the patient because of his disintegrated wellbein g condition and liquor enslavement. Additionally, the odds of backslide are likewise there regardless of whether restraint is accomplished during the treatment procedure, along these lines, requiring the after consideration plan usage (Khalsa, Treisman, McCance-Katz, Tedaldi, 2008).As Amira is a heroin fanatic and has been captured for requesting, the utilization of a subjective conduct model, just as, pharmacological medications will be the favored technique for treating Amira. The premier advance in the treatment plan will be the detoxification or substance withdrawal of the customer from heroin. The subsequent advance to be trailed detoxification of the customer will be the utilization of different classes, just as, treatment meetings that will help the customer in adapting the circumstance and beating the craving of utilizing of heroin once more (Maintenance Treatment of Heroin Addiction. Proof at the Crossroads, 2004). The subsequent stage of this treatment plan will be the upk eep after the finish of the treatment program. It includes follow-up care by investment in the 12-advance projects like Narcotics Anonymous and other supporting gatherings other than the individual treatment (Connell, 2006). Private preparing for the time of around 30-90 days will be attempted relying on the compulsion of the customer and her improvement. The physical and mental difficulties that can be experienced by the patient may include different withdrawal indications experienced by the patient on halting heroin utilize like spewing, bone agony, anxiety, sleep deprivation, cold flashes (Blanken, Hendriks, van Ree, van sanctum Brink, 2010). In addition, there can be outrageous longings for the heroin experienced by the patient in relationship with the withdrawal manifestations, which can prompt the backslide of the heroin enslavement. Consequently, the utilization of clinical treatment during the procedure of detoxification is imperative to limit these withdrawal indications, j ust as, the extraordinary desires for the heroin use. Henceforth, the treatment plan will incorporate the therapeutically helped detoxification process, psychological conduct treatment, different instructive and persuasive talks, individual, just as, bunch directing projects, family treatment, and the joining of the 12-advance program as an after consideration plan (Future Challenges For Heroin And Other Opioid Substitution Treatment, 2008). Presentation Medications, just as, substance misuse are seen as the major contributing issue worldwide and has become the serious issue seen among young people. It has been seen that few youths take medications to show they are cool or in light of the fact that they are forced by the looks into taking medications. It has been discovered that the friend pressure has been the concerned issue in regards to the medication misuse. Individuals who are a substance or medication someone who is addicted have no influence over their lives and does not have the comprehension with respect to their environmental factors. Hazard factors like absence of enthusiastic or mental assets to adapt up to the pressure, requiring abrupt help from trouble, or having a low resistance to deal with the pressure and dissatisfaction are regularly seen as the purposes behind chronic drug use (Shepard, 2002). In this article, I will try to audit the instance of the Australian film character, Samson in the film titled Samson and Delilah, who is engaged with the substance misuse and is a petroleum sniffer. Contextual investigation Portrayal of the character: Samson is a young person who lives in the remote Aboriginal zone of the Central Australia. He used to live with his sibling and offers the battered soot square loft with his senior sibling. The loft is messy and, other than having the cooler, which has no eatables or food inside it, the house doesn't have some other sort of the genuine furnishings. The people group where he lives is encircled by void lager jars, milk cases, just as, relinquished vehicles and litters poor people, just as, a mistreated network where he endures. The life of Samson is hopeless, and he used to live in the extraordinary conditions. Because of the destitution and poor states of his family, he has gotten dependent on substance misuse and sniffs petroleum to ease his fatigue and physical craving. He needs to learn guitar and his sibling has the reggae band. Be that as it may, his sibling doesn't permit him to play his instrument. Consequently, to entertain himself other than beatin g his physical yearning, Samson has become a substance someone who is addicted and used to sniff petroleum for his own delight and to defeat his hopeless life because of the neediness and detachment. He sees petroleum sniffing as the method of adapting his forlornness and fatigue he has throughout his life. Samsons petroleum sniffing dependence increments and compounds step by step because of which he is losing the touch with this present reality (Gorman, 2009). Assessment of the case: Samson is a petroleum sniffer, and his compulsion is expanding step by step as he wishes to beat the unforgiving remorselessness of his life. His psychosocial needs show that Samsons dependence on the petroleum sniffing is to conquered his physical appetite and weariness as he has a place with the poor family and lives in a secluded network with his sibling. His sibling isn't supporting in nature and without having family relations because of the nonappearance of family, Samson is seen as engaged with the enslavement. Besides, the utilization of illegal substances, liquor, just as, tobacco is seen as the reason, just as, impact of the extraordinary enduring seen among the Indigenous

The First 3 Aspects to Help With Writing Research Paper

The First 3 Aspects to Help With Writing Research PaperWhen a student is in the middle of writing a research paper, there are several aspects that they need to consider. As students move from paper to paper, they can vary quite a bit from one to another. But in general, there are certain aspects that a student needs to keep in mind so that he can make it up with the best paper possible.The first and foremost factor that a student should consider when writing a research paper is the format. For example, what is considered a research paper? It is very important for the student to make a distinction between research papers and essay writing. In a research paper, the data are analyzed and the reasoning is used to support the points that the paper has been written on. The focus should be on the research aspect and not on the conclusion that are arrived at.A research paper should be organized, easy to understand and easy to follow. If possible, a student should discuss the different parts of the paper as if the reader were doing research. If he or she does this, then it will be easier for him or her to remember the structure of the paper.It is advisable for the student to make notes and pen down the things that he feels are most important. This will help him or her to organize the paper so that the best point can be made. Note taking can be done either in the study hall or on the computer.As in the rest of the writing process, the final part is the proofreading stage. With the help of the assistance of a professional, this will help the student to get the most out of the paper. By doing this, the student will be able to make the paper better one.The second aspect of the task is that of the comments that the professor will make. The professor will give out plenty of ideas for the student to bring in. It is important for the student to make use of these ideas so that the paper will be as good as it can be. It is important to write well so that the professor will give y ou suggestions to improve your paper.The third aspect is that of help from other sources. If you have to contact someone else for help with writing research paper, then the professor is your first choice.

Mundra Port Special Economic Zone Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

The Government of India has taken a number of measures to encourage foreign investment into India, generally, with a particular focus on the export of goods and services out of India. These measures include the introduction in 2005 of a SEZ regime under which specified land is deemed to be foreign territory for the purposes of Indian customs controls, duties and tariffs. SEZs provide an internationally competitive and relatively unregulated environment for export-oriented activities. The SEZ scheme has been designed to assist Indian companies overcome the various disadvantages and costs that may otherwise prevent investment and development. The rationale for SEZ in India includes: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Infrastructure According to industry estimates, it is estimated that the cost of infrastructure would be lower by approximately 20%, as materials and services purchased by the SEZ developer are exempted from customs, excise duty, service tax and central sales tax. Investments in SEZs are treated as infrastructure development and are thus eligible for exemption. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Financing The SEZ regime also provides for financing at international rates. It allows a company to establish offshore banking units (OBUs) and international financing centres (IFCs) in the SEZs. OBUs are entitled to an income-tax exemption for 10 years and they are exempt from the requirement of statutory liquidity ratio, which results in the availabili ty of more sources of funds. Such OBUs and IFCs will be exempted from tax deducted at the source on its borrowings and deposits from Non-Resident Indians. These measures are intended to reduce the OBUs cost of credit for SEZ-approved institutions. The services provided by an SEZ-approved institution are free from service tax and income tax, dividend payments are also free in the hands of payer and payee and a stamp duty exemption has been provided for SEZ estate transactions. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Exports Indias share in global trade is only 0.9% despite it being one of the fastest growing economies in the world. SEZ will help boost the exports of the country, particularly non traditional once, by making the same feasible and attractive. This will also in turn affect the foreign exchange earning capacity and contribute to the exchange rate stability. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Development Locations for SEZ plays a very important role in the development of ba ckward regions. New industries are setup which creates jobs and raises the standard of living for the region. Various parties are involved the establishment, development and operation of a SEZ, including the following: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ government and related governmental authorities that grant development rights for an SEZ establish policies and guidelines, assist with implementation and are empowered to provide financial support to an SEZ-approved institution. They are the most important party as they forgo the direct revenues and provide incentives for setting up of SEZ; ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Developers, including co-developers, which are enterprises engaged in the establishment and development of the zone, including to provide infrastructure such as roads, water and drainage systems; ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Operators, which are the enterprises engaged in the operation and/or maintenance of infrastructure facilities in the SEZ; à Æ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Tenants/units, which are the occupant enterprises within the SEZ and include enterprises engaged in a wide range of industries, including manufacturing, services and trading; and ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Residents, who are people employed by enterprises located in the SEZ and who reside within the SEZ boundary. Overview Mundra Port and Special Economic Zone Ltd. (MPSEZ) MPSEZ is the developer and operator of the Mundra Port, one of the leading non-captive private sector ports in India based on volume of cargo during fiscal 2007. It has got the exclusive right to develop and operate Mundra Port and related facilities for 30 years pursuant to the Concession Agreement entered on February 17, 2001 with the GMB and the Government of Gujarat. MPSEZ received approval as a developer of a multi-product SEZ at Mundra and the surrounding areas from the Government of India on April 12, 2006, making it one of the first port-based multi-product SEZs in India. MPSEZ is a part of the Adani Group, which has interests in different industries including commodities trading, coal mining, power trading, power generation, real estate development, agro processing and logistics, shipping and port operations. Mundra port is principally engaged in providing port services for: (i) bulk cargo, (ii) container cargo, (iii) crude oil cargo, and (iv) value-added port servic es, including railway services. In addition, it also generates income from land related and infrastructure activities. Container cargo handling and related operations are provided by the Container Sub-concessionaire. It commenced trial operations at Mundra Port in October 1998 and commercial operations in October 2001 as part of its phased operations plan, initially handling only bulk dry and liquid cargo. It has experienced growth in throughput at Mundra Port as a result of both increased volume of bulk cargo imports and exports and the addition of services, particularly container cargo and crude oil cargo capabilities and railway services. Financial Highlights The key aspects of MPSEZ performance during the financial year 2009-10 are as follows: Cargo volume increased by 12.79% from 35.72 million tones in 2008-09 to 40.29 million tones in 2009-10. Turnover increased by 20.70% from Rs. 1,17,944.66 Lacs in 2008-09 to Rs. 1,42,359.67 Lacs in 2009-10. Profit after Tax increased by 52.03% from Rs. 46,108.52 Lacs in 2008-09 to Rs. 70,097.56 Lacs in 2009-10. Earning Per Share (EPS) for the year increased by 51.95% from Rs. 11.51 in 2008-09 to Rs. 17.49 in 2009-10. Financials Indicators Dividend: In view of continuing consistent good and profitable performance, MPSEZ declared and paid Interim Dividend of Rs. 2.50 per share (25%) during the year 2009e Board of Directors recommended a Final Dividend of Rs. 1.50 per share (15%) making aggregate dividend of Rs. 4.00 per share (40%) on 40,06,78,820 Equity shares of Rs. 10.00 each and Dividend on 0.01% Non Cumulative Redeemable Preference Shares of Rs. 10.00 each for the Financial Year 2009-10. The total outgo on account of dividend was Rs.16, 028.89 Lacs. Resources and Liquidity: In its efforts towards continuous cost reduction and financial re-engineering, during the year 2009 Company issued Secured Redeemable Non-Convertible Debentures (NCDs) of face value of Rs.10,00,000/- each at par on private placement basis aggregating to Rs.1,100 crores and Commercial Papers aggregating to Rs. 750 Crores. This will result into savings in interest cost thereby lowering financial expenses. The Companys NCDs are listed on the Wholesale Debt Market Segment of Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). Credit Rating: MPSEZ was given the strong credit rating by leading rating agencies. The NCDs aggregating to Rs. 250 crores have been rated AA (SO) by CARE Ratings and NCDs aggregating to Rs. 850 crores have been rated LAA by ICRA Ltd. The Commercial Papers have been rated A1+ by ICRA Ltd. Benefits Provided to MPSEZ under the SEZ act, 2005 Overriding Effect of SEZ Act over other laws Under Section 51 (1) of the SEZ Act, all the benefits granted under SEZ Act will be available to the company irrespective of the inconsistent provisions in other laws like Income Tax Act, Central Excise Act, Customs Act, Finance Act,1994 (Service tax). To the Company Under the SEZ Act, 2005 (the Act) Benefits available to the Company as an SEZ Developer 3.2.1 Under Section 26(1) of the Act, the company is entitled to the following exemptions, drawbacks and concessions, subject to the fulfilment of terms and conditions prescribed by the Central govt. in this regard, namely: (a) Exemption from any duty of customs, under the Customs Act, 1962 or the Customs Tariff Act, 1975 or any other law for the time being in force, on goods imported into, or service provided in a Special Economic Zone to carry on the authorized operations by the developer; (b) Exemption from any duty of customs, under the Customs Act, 1962 or the Customs Tariff Act, 1975 or any other law for the time being in force, on goods exported from, or services provided, from a Special Economic Zone, to any place outside India: (c) Exemption from any duty of excise, under the Central Excise Act, 1944 or the Central Excise Tariff Act, 1985 or any other law for the time being in force, on goods brought from Domestic Tariff Area to a Special Economic Zone, to carry on the authorized operations by the developer (d) Drawback or such other benefits as may be admissible from time to time on goods brought or services provided from the Domestic Tariff Area into a Special Economic Zone or services provided in a Spec ial Economic Zone by the service providers located outside India to carry on the authorized operations by the developer (e) Exemption from service tax under Chapter-V of the Finance Act, 1994 on taxable services provided to a developer to carry on the authorized operations in a Special Economic Zone; (f) Exemption from the securities transaction tax leviable under section 98 of the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2004 in case the taxable securities transactions are entered into by a non-resident through the International Financial Services Centre (g) Exemption from the levy of taxes on the sale or purchase of goods other than newspapers under the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956 if such goods are meant to carry on the authorized operations by the developer. 3.2.2 As per Rule 12(8) of SEZ Rules, 2006, as a developer, the company is allowed to make DTA clearance without any upper limits subject to permission of Specified Officer. 3.2.3 As per Section 3(13) of SEZ Act, 2005, subject to the provisions of this section and the letter of approval granted to a Developer, the Developer may allocate space or built up area or provide infrastructure services to the approved units in accordance with the agreement entered into by him with the entrepreneurs of such Units, purely on commercial basis on mutually agreed terms and conditions. There are no restrictions as to minimum number of units or minimum land area requirements for allotment of land to units and the developer has full freedom in allocation of developed land to units. 3.2.4 As per Section 7 of the SEZ Act, 2005, any goods or services exported out of, or imported into, or procured from the Domestic Tariff Area by, -a Developer; shall, subject to such terms, conditions and limitations, as may be prescribed, be exempt from the payment of taxes, duties or cess under all enactments specified in the First Schedule. The company is exempt for payment of taxes and cess payable under Agricultural Produce Cess Act, Oil Industry (Development) Act, Tobacco Cess Act, Research and Development (RD) Cess Act, 1986 etc. 3.2.5 In line with Rule 5(5)(c) of SEZ Rules, 2006 the company is allowed to carry on generation, transmission and distribution of power within a Special Economic Zone subject to the provisions of the Electricity Act, 2003 (No. 36 of 2003); 3.2.6 As per Section 14 (2) of the Gujarat SEZ Act, 2004, the company is allowed to levy user charges or fees as may be approved by the Development committee for providing infrastructural facilities, amenities like Electricity, Water, Waste Treatment plant, Telecom Connectivity and roads etc. Hence the company has full freedom to fix the user charges or other fees. 3.2.7 In line with Section 50(a) of SEZ Act, 2005 and as per Section 21(1) of the Gujarat SEZ Act, 2004, the company is entitled to exemption from stamp duty and registration fees payable on transfer of land, exemption from levy of stamp duty and registration fees on loan agr eements, credit deeds and mortgages executed by the company, exemption from sales tax, purchase tax, motor spirit, luxury tax, entertainment tax and other taxes and cess payable on sales and transactions within the entire SEZ. In line with Section 50(a) of SEZ Act, 2005 and as per Section 21(2) and 21(3) of the Gujarat SEZ Act, 2004, inputs (goods and services) purchased by the company from Domestic Tariff Area will be exempt from sales tax and other taxes under the State law. 3.2.8 As per Rule 27(4) of the SEZ Rules, 2006 Company may also source capital goods, without payment of duty, taxes or cess from a domestic or foreign leasing company, under a valid lease agreement and in such cases Developer shall jointly file documents for import or domestic procurement, as the case may be. Financial Indebtness Adani Group (MPSEZ) Adani Groups aggregate borrowings (consolidated) as of July 14, 2007 was as follows; Serial No Nature of Borrowing Amount ( Rs. Million) 1 . Secured Borrowing 14474.9 2. Unsecured Borrowing 8.4 The details of Adani Group secured borrowings are as follows: Sl. No Nature of Facility Amount Outstanding as on July 14, 2007 (in million) Repayment Schedule and Interest Rate 11 1 Term Loan of Rs. 650.0 million vide agreement dated August 9, 2004 from State Bank of India Rs. 635.1 Repayable in 20 equal half yearly instalments commencing after 8 quarters from commercial operations. Interest rate is 1.75 % below SBAR 1 2 Term Loan of Rs. 400.0 (eq. USD 8.4 million) million vide agreement dated August 9, 2004 from State Bank of India USD 8.4 Equivalent to Rs. 339.8 Repayable in 12 equal quarterly instalments of Rs.33.3 millions each commencing after the moratorium of 3 years. Interest rate is 1.75 % below SBAR 3 Standard loan agreement dated April 11,2005 with Bayerische Hypo-Und Vereins Bank Akiengesellschaft, Munich for USDcounter value of Euros 4.4 million (eq. USD 5.2 million) USD 4.2 equivalent to Rs. 167.9 Repayable in 14 equal consecutive semiannual instalments, starting from six months after the commissioning date or September 30, 2005, whichever is earlier.Interest rate is LIBOR plus 0.65% 4 Contract dated October 2, 2002 with Kowa Company Limited for JPY 392.9 (includes interest) for the purchase of the Tug NIL Repayable in 12 equal quarterly instalments of JPY 32.7 million starting from July 15, 2003 5 Loan of Rs. 270.0 million vide agreement dated May 30, 2001 with Life InsuranceCorporation of India. Rs. 86.3 Repayable in 40 equal quarterly instalments of Rs. 6.8 million starting from July 1, 2003 Interest rate is 2 % above the PLR 6 Loan of USD 13.9 million vide agreement dated April 29, 1997 with the Industrial Finance Corporation of India USD 6.9 equivalent to Rs. 280.5 Repayable in 22 equal half yearly instalments starting from August 14, 2001. Interest rate is LIBOR + 3.25 % Term loan of Rs. 250.0 million vide agreement dated November 30, 2004 with Oriental Bank of Commerce Rs. 164.2 Repayable in 20 half yearly instalments starting from April 2008 Interest rate is 3.50% below PLR 7 Conversion of rupee term loan to USD 8.0 million loan vide sanction letter dated April 19, 2004 with State Bank of India USD 5.4 equivalent to Rs. 219.0 Repayable in 40 consecutive equal quarterly instalments commencing from August 31, 2004 Interest rate is 3.50 % over LIBOR 8 Term loan of Rs. 500.0 million vide loan agreement dated May 12, 2001 with the Canara Bank Rs. 300.0 Repayable in 20 equal half yearly instalments commencing from August 2003 Interest rate is 3.25% below PLR 9 Subscription agreement dated February 9,2000 with Life Insurance Corporation of India for allotment of 1,400,000 Secured Redeemable Non Convertible Debentures of face value of Rs. 100. Rs. 70.0 Debentures to be redeemed in 40 quarterly instalments beginning August 1, 2002 Interest rate is 15 % per annum. 10 Loan of Rs. 682.4 million vide agreement dated March 18, 2006 with Allahabad Bank Rs.684.5 Repayable in 40 equal quarterly instalments starting from 44 months from the date of the m onth in which first disbursement under the facility took place or on December 31, 2009 whichever is earlier. Interest rate is 2.00 % per annum below Banks PLR 11 Dollar loan up to the limit of USD 13.9 million vide agreement dated September 5,1997 with Export-Import Bank of India USD 5.0 equivalent to Rs. 200.6 Repayable in 22 substantially equal half yearly instalments commencing from April 2001 Rate of interest is 3.25% over LIBOR 12 Loan in USD 2.9 Mn (equivalent of Deutsche Mark 6, 375,000.00) vide agreement dated May 3, 2000 with Westdeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale, Dusseldorf USD 0.2 equivalent to Rs. 8.4 Repayable in 14 equal consecutive, semiannual instalments starting 6 months after the average weighted delivery or May 31, 2001.Rate of Interest is 0.6 % p.a. above USDLIBOR 13 Term Loan of Rs. 750.0 million vide agreement dated November 30, 2004 with Oriental Bank of Commerce. Rs. 743.6 Repayable in 20 half yearly instalments starting from April 2008. Rate of Interest is 3.50% below PLR 14 Term loan of Rs. 1,500.0 million vide agreement dated February 25, 2005 withAllahabad Bank. The loan availed is Rs.817.6 million. Rs. 613.5 Repayable in 16 equal half yearly installments commencing at the end of 6months from the date of disbursement.Rate of Interest is PLR minus 3.50% 15 Loan of Rs. 500.0 million vide agreement dated March 25, 2004 with Syndicate Bank Rs. 228.0 Repayable in 20 equal half yearly installments starting from August 2004 Interest rate is 3.0% less than the Banks PLR with a reset option at the end of the 5th year. 16 Loan of Rs. 3,000.0 million vide agreement dated May 20, 2005 with Infrastructure Development Finance Company Limited Rs. 2,768.9 Repayable in 180 monthly instalments commencing from July 25, 2005 Interest rate is the rate equal to the benchmark plus the spread for each disbursed tranche. 17 Term loan of Rs. 1,200.0 million vide loan agreement dated March 3, 2006 from UTI Bank Limited* * This sanctioned term loan includes L/C facilities of Rs. 495 million that shall get converted to term loan upon L/C retirement. Rs. 921.7 Repayable in 20 equal half yearly instalments starting from the end of 44 months from the month in which first disbursement took place or December 31, 2009, whichever is earlier. Interest rate is Banks PLR-3.75 %. 18 Loan of Rs. 1,000.0 million vide agreement dated June 30, 2006 with Syndicate Bank Rs. 775.0 Repayable in 20 equal half yearly installments after a moratorium of 44 months from the date of first draw down or December 21, 2009 whichever is earlier. Rate of interest is 2 % less than the Banks PLR. 19 Term Loan of Rs. 1,000.0 million vide agreement dated June 27, 2006 with Corporation Bank Rs. 330.0 Repayable in 40 equal quarterly instalments starting from the 24 months from the date of commercial operations, or December 31, 2009 or whichever is earli er Interest rate is 2% below Corporation Bank Bench Mark Advance Rate (COBAR) 20 Loan of Rs. 500.0 million vide agreement 2, 2004 with Syndicate Bank Rs. 332.6 Repayable in 16 equal half yearly instalments starting from August 2004 Interest rate is 2.5% less than the Banks PLR. 21 Term loan of Rs. 1,500.0 million vide sanction letter dated June 2, 2006 with State Bank of India and Term loan of Rs. 1440.0 million. Rs.2127.4 Repayable in 14 equal half yearly instalments commencing from December 31, 2009 or 24 months from date of commercial operations, whichever is earlier. Interest rate is 1.25% below SBAR 22 Loan for Rs.1,000.0 million vide sanction letter dated March 10, 2006 with Allahabad Bank Rs. 303.8 Repayable in 40 equal quarterly instalments, commencing at the end of 44 months from the month in which first disbursement took place or on December 31, 2009 whichever is earlier. Interest rate is 2% below PLR 23 Loan for Rs.1,000.0 million vide sanction letter dated July 11, 2006 with Canara Bank Rs. 973.2 Repayable in 20 equal half yearly instalments, commencing at the end of 44 months from the month in which first disbursement took place or on December31, 2009 whichever is earlier Interest rate is 9% 24 Loan for Rs.1,000.0 million vide sanction letter dated July 11, 2006 with Canara Bank Rs. 353.6 Repayable in 40 equal quarterly instalments, commencing at the end of 24 months from the commercial operations date or on December 31, 2009 whichever is earlier. Interest rate is 9% 25 Term loan of Rs. 500.0 million vide sanction letter dated April 28, 2006 with State Bank of Hyderabad and Term loan of Rs. 500.0 million Rs 364.1 Repayable in 14 equal half yearly instalments commencing from December 31, 2009 or 24 months from date of commercial operations, whichever is earlier. Interest rate is 2.25% below SBHPLR 26 Bills accepted under letters of credit issued against Secured Term Loans sanctioned by banks Rs. 500.8 Repayment and Interest terms as per the respective Secured Term Loans 2 Vehicle Loan from ICICI Bank Rs. 0.5 Repayable under Equated Monthly Instalment scheme (Note: 1 USD = Rs. 40.47; 100 JPY = Rs. 33.05) 1. As security for the repayment of the loans, Adani Group created charge on a variety of its assets for the repayment of its loans and debt obligations. These assets are as follows: (i) The immovable and movable assets and properties (including the tugs and other marine vessels) including the proposed Terminal 2 assets, fixed assets of the SPM project and all its intangible assets including the goodwill and future immovable assets acquired for the project; (ii) Adani Groups revenue/receivables from the operations of Mundra Port and the SPM facility, TRA account and other bank accounts except in relation to IOCs SPM project; (iii) Groups rights under the concession agreement and various sub concession agreements, insu rance contracts, lease deeds and other port services agreements excluding the agreements related to IOCs SPM project; (iv) A first charge on all the revenue/receivables of the Company from the project or otherwise; and (v) Capital goods required for implementation of railway project at Mundra. 2. Adani Group can also not undertake the following actions without the prior approval of its lenders: (i) Change its capital structure or the Memorandum of Association/Articles of Association; (ii) Formulate any scheme of amalgamation or reconstruction or undertake any merger or compromise with its creditors; (iii) Invest in shares or advance funds to or place a deposit with any other concern other than in the normal course of business; (iv) Declare dividends for any year except out of profit relating to that year; (v) Sell or transfer whole or substantial part of its business; (vi) Change its management control or its promoters control or material change in composi tion of its Board of Directors; (vii) Undertake any guarantee/obligations on behalf of any other company; (viii) Undertake any new project or change the scope of present projects; and (ix) Take loans from other lenders In addition, in the event of default on payment of the loans, some of its lenders have the right to appoint directors Under the loan agreement dated August 9, 2004 with the State Bank of India, the Adani Group has undertaken to maintain a minimum share holding of 51 % in Adani Group throughout the tenor of the loan. Material Agreements Concession Agreement with Gujarat Maritime Board and the Government of Gujarat Adani Group has entered into a concession agreement on February 17, 2001 (Concession Agreement) with the GMB and the Government of Gujarat (acting as a confirming party). The Concession Agreement grants us the right to develop, operate and maintain a port at Mundra and supersedes all previous permissions granted in this regard. The Concession Agreement is valid for 30 years and upon its expiry, we shall transfer the port to GMB. It has also entered into a separate Lease and Possession Agreement whereby requisite land necessary for the port has been leased to the group. The Group has been granted the following rights and entitlements under the Concession Agreement: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Develop both Core Assets such as multi purpose jetty, jetty approach head and dry bulk/container jetty and Contracted Assets such as a multi purpose terminal, container/dry bulk, shared services, liquid and other terminal and other intangible assets for the port; ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ šÂ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Grant sub-concessions for all assets except core assets. However, all sub-concessions shall be consistent with the Concession Agreement and shall automatically terminate upon termination or expiry of the Concession Agreement. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ The key promoters, such as the Government of Gujarat, Adani Groups Promoters and their associates, shall have a minimum shareholding of 51% in us for at least seven years after the signing of the Concession Agreement. Further, any acquisition of 10% or more shareholding in the group will require the prior approval of the GMB. The GMB also has the right to nominate one director on the groups Board of Directors. Lease and Possession Agreement with GMB Adani Group has entered into a lease and possession agreement (LPA) on September 28, 2000 with the GMB for the lease of 3,404.37 acres at Navinal Island and village Dhrub, Taluka Mundra, Kutch, along with a right to use the foreshore land and water front for 30 years. The lease has been granted for the development and operation of a port and the group has been granted exclusive rights. The lease rent payable is Rs. 2,380,182.25 per annum, payable by April 30 every year. The rent shall increase by 20% every three years. Adani Group and all sub-lessees are entitled to mortgage all assets (except Core Assets) for payment of dues to a bank or financial institution without the prior permission of the GMB. Share Purchase and Shareholders Agreement with Project Monitoring and Construction Limited (PMC) Paras Tradelinks Private Limited and Amerzinc Products Private Limited (Purchasers) had purchased 15 million Equity Shares of Adani Group from Adani Port Infrastructure Limited and Adani Properties Private Limited (Sellers) for Rs. 1,200 million. The Equity Shares sold to the Purchasers comprise 14 million Equity Shares sold by APIPL and 1 million Equity Shares sold by Adani Properties Private Limited. The Purchasers had also entered into a Share Purchase and Shareholders Agreement (PMC SPSA) dated October 14, 2005 with the Sellers, Adani Group and the Promoters (Adani Infrastructure Services Limited), to evidence the share purchase and to determine the rights and obligations of the Purchasers within the company. Subsequently, the Purchasers have, through a Share Purchase Agreement (PMC SPA) dated January 27, 2006 sold the 15 million Equity Shares held by them to PMC for Rs. 1,200 million. All the rights and obligations of the Purchasers under the PMC SPSA have also been assigne d in favour of PMC. PMC has signed a deed of adherence along with the Purchasers, Sellers and the Company on January 27, 2006 (a) Amendment of Memorandum or Articles of Association of the Company or any additional borrowings resulting in a change in debt: equity ratio from 2.5:1; (b) Related party transactions in excess of Rs. 25 million; (c) Any sale/merger/acquisition/joint venture/subsidiary having an aggregate value in excess of Rs. 2,500 million per fiscal year or any capital investment of more than Rs. 2,5000 million in a fiscal year except for the Terminal 2 and second stage assets; and (d) Dividend of more than Rs. 1,500 million in any fiscal year or amendment/ termination of agreement with key partners. As per the PMC SPSA, Adani Group was required to inform PMC 45 days prior to filing of any offer document for an initial public offering. Group was also required to inform PMC of the price band for such initial public offering 30 days prior to filing of the of fer document. The said clauses have been amended vide an amendment letter dated February 16, 2007 and PMC has waived its right to receive prior information in relation to filing of the offer document and the price band for the initial public offering. Pursuant to the amendment letter dated February 16, 2007, Adani Group is required to inform the Purchasers of the filing of the DRHP within three days of such filing. Further, the Sellers and Adani Group are also required to inform PMC of the indicative price band for the initial public offering simultaneously along with the intimation of the filing of the DRHP. Prior to the listing of the Equity Shares, PMC also has a right of first refusal, in proportion to its shareholding, with respect to any fresh shares issued by the Company. PMC has a tag-along right for any transfer of Equity Shares by the Sellers, if such transfer is (a) more than 5% of Adani Groups issued, subscribed and paid up equity capital in one transaction or seri es of transactions within 12 months, or (b) in excess of aggregate of 10% of share capital of Adani Group held by the Sellers for a pre IPO placement. No transfer of Equity Shares by the Sellers shall take place if such transferee refuses to purchase the Equity Shares offered by PMC. This tag-along right shall survive the initial public offering of Equity Shares of Adani Group. Any transfer of Equity Shares in violation of such tag-along right shall be treated as a breach of the PMC SPSA and will be void. The PMC SPSA shall terminate upon PMC or any of its assignees not having any Equity Shares. Except for the tag-along rights granted to PMC, the other rights and obligations of the parties under the PMC SPSA shall also terminate upon the listing of MPSEZ Equity Shares. Any dispute in relation to the PMC SPSA, including in relation to any alleged breach or termination of the PMC SPSA will be resolved by arbitration in accordance with the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. The Sellers, PMC, Purchasers and Adani Group have also entered into a Representation and Warranty Share Purchase and Shareholders Agreement with Kudos International (Kudos) Media Data Processing Computer and Research Private Limited and Amerzinc Products Private Limited (Purchasers) purchased 15 million Equity Shares of Adani Group from Adani Port Infrastructure Limited and Adani Properties Private Limited (Sellers) for Rs. 1,200 million. The Equity Shares sold to the Purchasers comprise 14 million Equity Shares sold by APIPL and 1 million Equity Shares sold by Adani Properties Private Limited. The Purchasers had also entered into a Share Purchase and Shareholders Agreement (Kudos SPSA) dated October 14, 2005 with the Sellers, MPSEZ and the Promoters (Adani Infrastructure Services Limited), to evidence the share purchase and to determine the rights and obligations of the Purchasers within Adani Group. Subsequently, the Purchasers have, through a Share Purchase Agreement (Kudos SPA) dated January 27, 2006 sold the 15 million Equity Shares held by them to Kudos for Rs. 1,200 million. All the rights and obligations of the Purchasers under the Kudos SPSA have also been assigned in favour of Kudos. Kudos has signed a deed of adherence along with the Purchasers, Sellers and the Company on January 27, 2006 whereby all parties have agreed that the Kudos SPSA is valid and subsisting and that all rights and obligations thereunder have been transferred in favour of Kudos. Kudos has been granted the same rights and is subject to the same obligations under the Kudos SPSA as have been granted to PMC under the PMC SPSA. The Kudos SPSA shall terminate upon Kudos or any of its assignees not having any Equity Shares. Except for the tag-along rights granted to Kudos, the other rights and obligations of the parties under the Kudos SPSA shall also terminate upon the listing of our Equity Shares. Any dispute in relation to the Kudos SPSA, including in relation to any alleged breach or termination of the Kudos SPSA will be resolved by arbitration in accordance with the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. Agreement dated January 27, 2006 whereby Adani Group and the Sellers have confirmed their representations and warranties under the Kudos SPSA and the Kudos SPA. The parties have also agreed that in case of default in payment on any bonds or other instruments by Kudos, all its rights and obligations under the Kudos SPA and Kudos SPSA shall be transferred in favour of the bondholder and/or lender. Kudos has currently issued bonds to 3i Group Plc. Shareholding in Kutch Railway Company Limited Adani Group entered into a shareholders agreement (Kutch SHA) on April 22, 2004 with the Rail Vikas Nigam Limited (RVNL), Government of Gujarat (GoG), Kandla Port Trust (KPT) (RVNL, GoG, KPT.The Kutch Railway Company Limited (KRC) to regulate the mutual rights and obligations of RVNL, GoG, KPT and Adani Group in KRC, a special purpose vehicle incorporated for implementation of the gauge conversion of the railway line between Gandhidham and Palanpur stations. KRC has entered into a concession agreement with the Ministry of Railways, Government of India for implementing the gauge conversion. Adani Group have 20% shareholding in KRC whereas RVNL, GoG and KPT have 50%, 4% and 26% shareholding, respectively, in KRC. Each Investor is subject to a lock in whereby it cannot transfer any of its shares within one year after the commercial operations date. Any transfer during the lock-in period can only be done to other Investors in proportion of their shareholding. After the lock-in perio d, the other Investors have the first right to acquire the shareholding of the proposed transferor. In case the other Investors do not acquire the shares within 14 days of the offer, the proposed transferor can sell the shares to a third party at no more favourable terms. Matters such as (i) merger or acquisition of any other company by KRC or change in capital structure or amendment of memorandum or articles of association of KRC; (ii) declaration of dividend; (iii) proposal for listing of shares; or (iv) establishment of subsidiaries or joint ventures or diversification into new businesses, shall require a super majority resolution of both the Board of Directors of KRC and at shareholder meetings. Super majority resolution means the approval of all directors present at such board meeting or in the case of shareholders meeting, three fourths of shareholders present and voting. The Kutch SHA may be terminated upon the listing of the shares on a stock exchange, winding up or an y other event which may result in termination. Shareholding in Adinath Polyfills Private Limited Adani Group has also entered into a Shareholders Agreement with Mr. Madanlal Nahta and Mr. Javerilal Nahta (collectively, the Nahtas) and Adinath Polyifills Private Limited (Adinath) on June 6, 2006. Adinath is engaged in salt manufacturing and holds 2,200 acres of land on leasehold basis from the Government of Gujarat.

Causes and Effects of Smoking in Our Life - 990 Words

Smoking has become one of the world’s main concerns after the realization of its effect on human health. Tobacco was first introduced by Native Americans. Tobacco was known to be harmless and a stress reliever. Eventually, smoking became popular all over the world and as normal as food. The increase in technology has brought out all the negative aspects and the side effects of smoking. Scientific analysis has proven that smoking is one of the main causes for death in the world. Since smoking has become a part of everyday life, quitting smoking has become even harder for those who are addicted. Advertisements and peer pressure cause smoking with its devastating, life-threatening effects. Advertisements in the past were responsible for†¦show more content†¦According to â€Å"Teens Health,† â€Å"Smoking leads people to develop health problems like heart disease, stroke, emphysema, and many types of cancer, including lung, throat, stomach, and bladder cancer. Peo ple who smoke also have an increased risk of infections, like bronchitis and pneumonia.† The article has also provided many other problems a person may experience: rapid heartbeat, decreased circulation, greater risk of injury and slower healing time. Smoking affects the bodys ability to produce collagen which will cause the body to heal more slowly in smokers than nonsmokers. Shortness of breath and an increased risk of illness with health problems that increases as you smoke more. These effects limit a persons ability to be normally active, and they can be fatal. Studies provided by the article have proven that in the United States, smoking was responsible for about one out of five deaths (â€Å"Teens†). Smoking is more designed to kill and not to help people’s health. This is the first thing every smoker has to understand. It can cause death in return for some relaxation that has been designed to do. Quitting this habit is not impossible but people need to sto p and think before they start smoking. Advertisements on smoking have been banned after the realization of how badly smoking is affecting health. Cigarette manufacturers started to use anti-smoking warnings on the front of the cigarettes packets because of theShow MoreRelatedHarmful Effects of Smoking1418 Words   |  6 PagesHarmful effects of smoking Doan Thi Huong Thao BAIU08155 International University HCMC Academic English 2 Bien Thi Thanh Mai Instructor May 17, 2010 Abstract Smoking is known to be a primary cause of harmful effects on health, family, environment and society. However, scientist research in health and environment, that researches show that smoking cause many diseases, even lung cancer. An aim of my study has been to determine that smoking also effect on family and society. Results indicatedRead MoreQuit Smoking For a Better Future Essay608 Words   |  3 PagesAmerica alone are smoking associated. Smoking reduces the life of an average smoker by 12 years. According to WHO, Smoking is estimated to cause 10 million deaths worldwide per year by 2010. Smoking has many hazardous effects on both smokers and the people around smokers. It’s damaging the environment and contributing to the global warming. Being a dentist it’s my responsibility to discuss the damaging effects of smoking and persuade everyone to quit smoking or to never start smoking. First, let usRead MoreEffects Of Smoking Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Smoking has become a usual thing in our culture of recent. A person with a cigarette, E-Cigarette, Hookahs and Weed Cigarettes has become the norm in our society: we can see them on the streets, actors smoke in movies, there are also book characters who smoke, we have relatives, friends or someone we look up to who smoke. Starting as mainly as a part of a religious ritual a long time ago, smoking has become a routine thing for us in recent times, not giving thoughts to the many effects of smokingRead MoreEffects Of Smoking On The Mind And Body1578 Words   |  7 Pagesthe past century smoking has been integrated into our society, and it has been lingering without any uproar. The beginning of the 20th century was a time where smoking cigarettes was something a doctor would do in a hospital after surgery. Smoking was so common around that time youths were even indulging into the harmful habit with no penalties. In today’s time, there is a significant amount of awareness to the destructive nature of smoking, and any other tobacco product. Science has reachedRead MoreSmoking Essay1452 Words   |  6 Pages Smoking cigarettes could affect your life drastically but, imagine what could happen to the other people around you. Harmful smoke can cause second hand smoking to the ones around you whether its loved ones, friends or just a regular person. Although smoking could be hard for others to quit, it’s a desperate call to stop because cigarettes cause underlying diseases. It has been scientifically proven that the highest number causes of a persons death is due to smoking if they do consumeRead MoreThe Dangers of Smoking Are Overemphasized670 Words   |  3 Pageslives every year. I think the dangers of smoking are overemphasized but our society chooses not to take it serious by ignoring all the information that is given to them and instead choose to harm their own body by smoking tobacco. Smoking is a self- destructive behavior that effects the smoker mentally, physically, emotional and econom ically. Anti-smoking campaigns and Ads spend billions of dollars every year trying to discourage adults and teens from smoking and improve public health. Every humanRead MoreThe Cause of Poverty in Mexico1527 Words   |  7 PagesThe Causes of Poverty in Mexico | |[pic] |Are you aware that 20 million people in Mexico live on less than two dollars a day? Sixty million people, half the Mexican | |population, live in poverty, and 20 million of them live in extreme poverty. Most of the time, garbage is their food, and some | |days, they don’t even eat anything. This critical situation in Mexico is caused by individual, geographic and political factors. | |The purpose of this essay is to analyze these three main causesRead MoreEssay on The Costs of Cigarette Smoking.888 Words   |  4 PagesThe Costs of Cigarette Smoking Cigarette smoking causes a variety of life threatening diseases, including lung cancer, emphysema, and heart disease. In the UK about 120,000 people die each year due to smoking. A half of all smokers die from smoking related diseases.0 There are many ingredients in tobacco smoke which are harmful to our health in different ways.1 Some of the ingredients are tar, carbon monoxide, nicotine and other chemicals and additives suchRead MorePersuasive Speech On Smoking1591 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Smoking is the most preventable leading cause of death in the United States and causes many health risk such as lung cancer, and heart and blood vessel complication. My main purpose of this persuasive speech is to convince people that smoking is harmful for themselves, the people around them and their wallets. In 2015 and estimated of 36.5 million people were current smoker (Jamal, A., King, B. A., Neff, L. J., Whitmill, J., Babb, S. D., Graffunder, C. M., 2016). In addition smoking doesn’tRead MoreEffects of the Increased Smoking Trend688 Words   |  3 Pagespercentage of people who smoke. The trend has spread widely over the years throughout the world. Smoking is a trend that did not start in the recent years but its history dates back to early 5026 BC. Surprisingly it was first used just for the medication purposes as opium was considered to have some medical properties. One of the reasons behind this wide spread of smoking tradition is the portrayal of smoking in movie s and television, no doubt, this encouraged people to smoke and created a concept in